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Flashing lights in one's vision can be caused by mechanical stimulation of the retina. This often occurs when the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance filling the eye, degenerates and pulls on the retina. Flashes can also signal a torn or detached retina, which requires urgent medical evaluation.

Photophobia, or an intolerance to light, is characterized by painful sensitivity to bright light. Certain diseases and conditions can increase light sensitivity. For example, some genetic disorders like porphyria and xeroderma pigmentosum are associated with light sensitivity. Additionally, some medications can make individuals more sensitive to sunlight.12

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