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fight-or-flight response
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Images & Videos
Diagram of the autonomic nervous system showing the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The left side illustrates sympathetic nerves branching from the spinal cord to organs and glands, while the right side shows parasympathetic nerves connecting to organs such as the eye, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, intestines, and bladder. Color-coded pathways and labeled ganglia highlight the different nerve routes and target organs in human anatomy.
A close-up black-and-white image of an actress with wide, frightened eyes.

fight-or-flight response: References & Edit History

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  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Social Science LibreTexts - Fight or Flight. Sep 05, 2026
Add new Web site: BBC - The Social - The truth about the fight or flight response. Mar 19, 2026
Add new Web site: Scholars at HARVARD - Biobehavioral Responses to Stress in Females: Tend-and-Befriend, Not Fight-or-Flight (PDF). Sep 20, 2025
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Fight or flight? – Flight increases immune gene expression but does not help to fight an infection. Jul 25, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Wollongong - Stuck in fight-or-flight mode? May 28, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteSeerX - Fight or flight: antipredator strategies of baleen whales. Feb 21, 2025
Add new Web site: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology - The concept of cellular �fight-or-flight� reaction to stress. Jan 09, 2025
Add new Web site: MindWell - Flight or fight response. Oct 03, 2024
Add new Web site: Victoria University of Wellington - Fight or Flight: The Importance of Understanding or Defense System. May 31, 2024
Add new Web site: WebMD - What Does Fight, Flight, Freeze, Fawn Mean? Feb 02, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Nottingham - What is the Fight or Flight response? Dec 15, 2023
Add new Web site: Psychology Today - 6 Ways to Calm Your Fight-or-Flight Response. Nov 02, 2023
Add new Web site: Simply Psychology - Fight, Flight, Freeze, or Fawn: How We Respond to Threats. Sep 18, 2023
Links added. May 04, 2023
Add new Web site: Healthline - Fight, Flight, Freeze: What This Response Means. Apr 21, 2023
Add new Web site: Cleveland Clinic - What Happens to Your Body During the Fight-or-Flight Response? Mar 11, 2023
Add new Web site: Social Science LibreTexts - Fight or Flight. Jan 27, 2023
Add new Web site: Harvard Health Publishing - Understanding the stress response. Dec 19, 2022
Add new Web site: Learn.Genetics - Genetic Science Learning Center - The Fight or Flight Response. Aug 12, 2019
Add new Web site: Verywell Mind - How the Fight or Flight Response Works. Aug 12, 2019
Corrected display issue. May 07, 2019
Media added. Apr 13, 2016
Add new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - Fight or Fligh Response. Jan 03, 2012
Add new Web site: The University of Texas at Austin - Fight or Flight Response. Jan 03, 2012
New article added. May 05, 2009
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