extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis

Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a severe form of tuberculosis that does not respond to standard antibiotics. This resistance makes treatment significantly more challenging, requiring longer durations and the use of less effective, more toxic medications. The difficulty in managing XDR-TB can lead to prolonged illness and ongoing transmission of the resistant bacteria.123

The primary cause of tuberculosis is the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In its typical progression, the bacteria slowly spread through the lungs, forming nodules that can break down lung tissue and create cavities. This can lead to severe symptoms, including coughing up blood.2

While effective antibiotic treatments have greatly reduced mortality rates in developed countries, the emergence of drug-resistant strains, including MDR-TB and XDR-TB, poses a significant global health threat, particularly in regions with limited access to healthcare and poor living conditions.12