expressive crowd

Expressive crowds are a form of collective behavior where participants are primarily focused on a shared experience, such as dancing, singing, or shouting, rather than on external actions or social change. These crowds can be secular or religious, and their accomplishment is measured by the shared subjective experience they create.1

One interpretation suggests that expressive crowds arise from social unrest and frustration when an object for action isn't clearly identified, leading to the release of tension through emotional expression. Another view is that the object of action is symbolic, like a ritual dance to ward off evil spirits. Expressive crowds can be particularly common during times of frustration and boredom, offering a sense of revitalization and meaning that may be lacking in daily life.1

Deindividuation, a related concept, describes how people in groups or crowds may act impulsively or deviantly when they believe they cannot be personally identified. This can reduce accountability but also strengthen adherence to group norms, which are not always negative.2