expectancy-value theory
Quick Summary
Expectancy-value theory is a cognitive approach to motivation that posits behavior is a result of expectations and the value of a goal. This theory, expressed as B = f(E × V), suggests that individuals choose behaviors with the highest combination of expected success and value. It has been applied to understand social behaviors, achievement motivation, and work motivation.1
Key concepts include:
* Expectancy: Beliefs about the likelihood of success in a given situation, often based on past experiences.1
* Value: The perceived importance or desirability of achieving a goal.1
The theory proposes that individuals with a strong motive for success tend to choose moderately difficult tasks, while those motivated to avoid failure may opt for very easy or extremely difficult tasks. While influential, research on its predictive accuracy has yielded mixed results.1
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