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A eutrophic lake is an aquatic ecosystem that has a high concentration of nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen. This nutrient enrichment, often caused by human activities like agricultural runoff and sewage discharge, leads to excessive growth of algae and other plant life, known as water blooms. These blooms block sunlight and deplete oxygen in the water, creating conditions that are harmful to fish and other aquatic animals. In severe cases, this process, called cultural eutrophication, can lead to "dead zones" where little to no life can exist.123

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