equivalence point

In chemistry, the equivalence point is a crucial concept in titrations. It signifies the exact point where a stoichiometrically equivalent amount of titrant has been added to the sample being analyzed. This means the reaction between the sample and the titrant is complete in terms of the reacting substances.1

Titrations use a solution of known concentration (titrant) added from a burette to a sample. The goal is to determine the concentration of a constituent in the sample by observing when the reaction is complete. The equivalence point is theoretically the completion of the reaction, while the end point is the experimentally observed signal, such as a color change, that indicates this completion. The difference between these two is the titration error, which chemists aim to minimize.12