endemic goitre
Quick Summary
Endemic goitre is a medical condition characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland, causing a visible swelling in the neck. This enlargement occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone. The most common cause of endemic goitre is iodine deficiency, a lack of the essential nutrient iodine needed for thyroid hormone production. When iodine is scarce, the pituitary gland releases more thyrotropin to stimulate the thyroid, which in turn causes the gland to grow. This condition is more prevalent in inland and mountainous regions with low iodine levels in soil and water. It can be easily prevented by consuming iodized salt or foods fortified with iodine. While increasing iodine intake can reverse goitre in younger individuals, surgical removal of the thyroid may be necessary for severe cases causing breathing or swallowing difficulties.1
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