encephalomyelitis

Encephalomyelitis is a medical condition characterized by the concurrent inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infectious organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and helminths, or by noninfective agents like certain chemicals. In some cases, the immune system may mistakenly attack healthy brain cells, leading to autoimmune encephalitis.12

Symptoms can vary but often include fever, headache, drowsiness, lethargy, coma, tremors, and a stiff neck. Neurological signs may involve uncoordinated movements, weakness, or unusual sensitivity. Treatment is largely supportive, focusing on intensive medical care and managing vital functions. Prognosis depends on the specific cause and can range from full recovery to severe, irreparable brain damage.2