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early menopause
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early menopause

physiology
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Quick Summary

Early menopause, also known as premature menopause, occurs spontaneously before age 40 and affects about 8 percent of women. This condition signifies the end of a woman's reproductive life due to the loss of ovarian function.1

Physiology of Early Menopause

  • Ovarian Function Decline: Before menopause, the ovaries contain a limited number of follicles. As these deplete, estrogen production significantly decreases (by 80% or more). This leads to increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).1
  • Menstrual Irregularities: Menstruation may cease abruptly or become irregular for a period before stopping entirely.1
  • Induced Menopause: Early or premature menopause can also be induced by surgical removal of the ovaries or damage from treatments like radiation or chemotherapy.1

Symptoms

Symptoms can begin before menstruation ceases and may include hot flashes, vaginal dryness, decreased libido, and mood changes. Bone density loss and an increased risk of heart disease are also significant consequences of reduced estrogen levels.1

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2 Britannica Sources
  1. menopause
  2. human endocrine system - Menopause

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