dynamic equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium in geology refers to a state where a geomorphic system, like a river or a mountainside, is constantly changing but maintains a steady state over time. This occurs when the rates of processes that create landforms are balanced by the rates of processes that wear them down.12

Geomorphic systems are open systems, meaning they are powered by external energy sources. Changes in these energy inputs, such as increased rainfall or tectonic uplift, can cause temporary imbalances. In response, the system undergoes changes, often rapidly or catastrophically, before eventually settling into a new dynamic equilibrium. This process involves feedback loops and threshold reactions, where the system's behavior influences its own future state. For example, a river might periodically flood, causing significant erosion, but over the long term, it continues to shape its valley in a relatively stable manner.1