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A duodenal ulcer is a lesion that forms in the lining of the duodenum, the upper part of the small intestine. This occurs when factors reduce the lining's ability to withstand the stomach's acidic digestive juices. The primary causes are infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Symptoms typically include a gnawing or burning pain in the upper abdomen, often occurring when the stomach is empty, between meals, or at night. While stress was once thought to be a major cause, current evidence points to H. pylori and NSAIDs. Duodenal ulcers are more common than gastric ulcers and tend to affect men more frequently.12

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