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Diagram showing various proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily embedded in a cell membrane, including CD4, CD8, CD28, Fc receptor, Thy-1, class I and II MHC proteins, T-cell receptor, and IgM, with disulfide bonds highlighted. Diagram of an antibody molecule showing the Y-shaped structure with labeled variable and constant domains on both light and heavy chains, disulfide bonds holding the folded domains, and antigen-binding sites at the tips.
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antibody structure
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Learn about this topic in these articles:

  • Immune stimulation by activated helper T cells
    immune system
    / Basic structure of the immunoglobulin molecule

    …folded into functional units called domains. Each light chain consists of one variable domain (VL) and one constant domain (CL). Each heavy chain has one variable domain (VH) and three or four constant domains (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4). Those domains that make up the ā€œtailā€ of the basic Y-shaped molecule…

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    …folded into functional units called domains. Each light chain consists of one variable domain (VL) and one constant domain (CL). Each heavy chain has one variable domain (VH) and three or four constant domains (CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4). Those domains that make up the ā€œtailā€ of the basic Y-shaped molecule…

    Read More