discoid lupus erythematosus

Discoid lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation, primarily affecting the skin. It is characterized by distinct, reddened patches covered with scales, often appearing on the face, neck, and scalp. This form of lupus does not typically involve internal organs, though in about 10 percent of cases, it can progress to the more severe systemic lupus erythematosus. The underlying cause of lupus is a malfunction of the immune system, where the body mistakenly produces autoantibodies that attack its own tissues, leading to inflammation and injury. While the exact reasons for this autoimmune response are not fully understood, genetic predisposition and environmental triggers are thought to play a role.1