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detonation
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Figure 3: Model of molecular structure that explains detonation (see text).
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detonation

chemistry
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Figure 3: Model of molecular structure that explains detonation (see text).
Figure 3: Model of molecular structure that explains detonation (see text).

Detonation is a rapid chemical reaction that propagates as a shock wave at supersonic speeds, causing an explosion. This process is distinct from deflagration, which is a faster form of burning that produces lower pressures. Detonating explosives, such as TNT and dynamite, decompose extremely quickly, generating high pressure.123

The transition to detonation occurs when a flame front accelerates to supersonic velocity, creating a shock wave. The compression within this shock wave causes self-ignition, leading to the detonation wave. Detonation is impossible if energy loss from the reaction zone exceeds a certain limit, and this limit depends on factors like the chemical reaction rate. Nuclear weapons also produce a detonation, releasing vast amounts of energy in the form of heat, radiation, and a powerful shock wave.14

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5 Britannica Sources
  1. combustion - Detonation
  2. Did you know?
  3. nuclear weapon - Blast
  4. detonation
  5. explosive - Types of chemical explosives

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