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Crinotoxins are poisons produced by specialized glands in animals and released into the environment, rather than being injected or ingested. Unlike venoms, which are typically complex proteins administered through a bite or sting, the chemical properties of most crinotoxins are not well understood.1

Examples of animals that produce crinotoxins include certain species of sponges, flatworms, millipedes, and amphibians like the fire salamander and toads. The effects of these toxins vary, ranging from skin irritation to more severe systemic impacts on the nervous and cardiac systems.1

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