covalent crystal
Quick Summary
A covalent crystal, also known as a network solid, is a type of solid where atoms are linked together by a continuous network of covalent bonds throughout the entire crystal structure. This extensive bonding makes these materials exceptionally hard and rigid, requiring high temperatures to melt, as the entire crystal essentially acts as one large molecule.12
A prime example is diamond, composed of carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral structure, making it the hardest known substance and an excellent conductor of heat. Another form of carbon, graphite, exhibits a layered structure with strong covalent bonds within the layers but weak forces between them, leading to its use as a lubricant. Other elements like silicon and germanium also form covalently bonded solids.132
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