containment

Containment, in criminology, refers to the idea that internal and external forces prevent individuals from committing crimes. Criminologist Walter Reckless developed containment theory, suggesting that juvenile delinquency arises when moral and social forces that normally restrain behavior break down. Inner containment includes personal beliefs and a sense of right and wrong, while outer containment involves influences from family and teachers.1

Sociological theories also explore why people commit crimes. Differential association suggests criminal behavior is learned through association with criminals. Anomie theory posits that crime occurs when individuals cannot achieve societal goals through acceptable means. Labeling theory argues that society's reaction and labeling of an individual as a criminal can lead to further criminal behavior. Radical theories view crime and justice as byproducts of capitalism and power structures.2