colitis

Colitis is a general term for inflammation of the large intestine, or colon. The most common form is ulcerative colitis, an idiopathic condition characterized by inflammation and tiny ulcers in the colon's mucous membranes. Symptoms typically include bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain, which can lead to fatigue and weight loss.123

Ulcerative colitis often becomes chronic and can have serious complications. Other causes of colitis include bacterial or parasitic infections, such as those caused by Shigella or Entamoeba histolytica. Antibiotic use can also lead to colitis by disrupting the normal bacterial balance in the colon. Diagnosis is often made through colonoscopy or biopsy. Treatment varies depending on the cause but may include anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, or surgery in severe cases.243