coastal polynya

A polynya is an area of open water found within sea ice. These can be categorized into two main types: coastal polynyas and open-ocean polynyas.12

Coastal polynyas typically form near the shore, adjacent to ice anchored to the land. They are often caused by persistent local winds blowing offshore, such as katabatic winds common in Greenland and Antarctica.2

Open-ocean polynyas are larger and longer-lasting, forming within the ice cover. These are believed to be caused by warmer deep water upwelling to the surface, with a notable example being the Weddell Polynya in the Antarctic Weddell Sea.2

Polynyas vary greatly in size, some resembling inland seas. They are crucial ecosystems, supporting a variety of marine life, including plankton, krill, fish, marine mammals, and birds. Scientists use satellite technology to study these dynamic features and their impact on ocean circulation and climate.2