central hypothyroidism

Central hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone due to a deficiency in thyrotropin (TSH) from the pituitary gland or thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. This differs from primary hypothyroidism, which originates within the thyroid gland itself.1

Causes of central hypothyroidism can include pituitary diseases or deficiencies in the hormones that regulate TSH production. Symptoms are similar to other forms of hypothyroidism and involve a general slowing of bodily functions, such as fatigue, dry skin, weight gain, and cognitive slowing. In infants, it can lead to intellectual disability and growth retardation if untreated. Diagnosis involves measuring thyroid hormone and TSH levels in the blood. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy with thyroxine.123