cardiovascular disease: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
Works providing background on the physiology of the human cardiovascular system and cardiovascular medicine include Valentin Fuster et al. (eds.), Hurst’s The Heart, 14th ed. (2017); and Richard E. Klabunde, Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts, 2nd ed. (2012). The various aspects of cardiovascular disease are discussed at length in Douglas L. Mann et al. (eds.), Braunwald’s Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 10th ed., 2 vol. (2015); and Fred M. Kusumoto, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (1999).
Specific areas of cardiovascular medicine and disease are covered in David J. Driscoll, Fundamentals of Pediatric Cardiology (2006); Hong Wang and Cam Patterson (eds.), Atherosclerosis: Risks, Mechanisms, and Therapies (2015); and Karen M. Marzlin and Cynthia L. Webner, Cardiovascular Nursing: A Comprehensive Overview (2006).
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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Edward Bronson Diethrich
Director; Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery, Arizona Heart Institute, Phoenix.
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Michael E. DeBakey
Michael DeBakey was an American cardiovascular surgeon, educator, international medical statesman, and a pioneer in heart surgery.
- Michael Francis Oliver
- Michael James Godman
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Mark L. Entman
Professor of medicine, biochemistry, and pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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W.G. Prout
Consultant Surgeon, Portsmouth Group Hospitals, England.
- James V. Warren
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Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: World Health Organization - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). | Oct 09, 2026 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Jul 18, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: Cleveland Clinic - Cardiovascular Disease. | Feb 18, 2023 | ||
| Link added. | Jan 11, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Cardiovascular Disease. | Dec 09, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis, Arterial Hypertension, and Coronary Artery Disease. | Sep 08, 2022 | ||
| Removed media. | Dec 22, 2021 | ||
| Updated to mention that cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in many parts of the world. | Dec 06, 2019 | ||
| Added information on the role of silent heart attack in sudden death in persons with no previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. | Jul 15, 2019 | ||
| Added information on the relationship between fat accumulation in different regions of the body and risk of cardiovascular disease. | Jul 02, 2019 | ||
| Clarified information on Raynaud syndrome to include the toes among body parts potentially affected by the condition. | Feb 22, 2019 | ||
| Added information on cardiovascular disease in the United States. | Feb 05, 2019 | ||
| Added mention of the impact of changes in lifestyle and diet on the incidence of otherwise preventable cardiovascular-related illness and death. | Jan 25, 2019 | ||
| Added information on dietary fatty acids. | Nov 26, 2018 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Feb 02, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: British Heart Foundation - Cardiovascular Disease. | Sep 19, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: NHS - Cardiovascular Disease. | Sep 19, 2017 | ||
| Updated bibliography to include 14th edition of Hurst's The Heart Manual of Cardiology. | Aug 25, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 24, 2017 | ||
| Cross-references added. | Aug 24, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 24, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 24, 2017 | ||
| Added "(heart attack)" following first use of the term myocardial infarction. | Aug 23, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 23, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 17, 2017 | ||
| Cross-references added. | Aug 17, 2017 | ||
| Cross-references added. | Aug 15, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 15, 2017 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Aug 10, 2017 | ||
| Media added. | Aug 10, 2017 | ||
| Added information on the use of absorbable stents for the treatment of chronic atherosclerotic occlusions. | Jul 14, 2016 | ||
| Media added. | Mar 01, 2016 | ||
| Added a photo of a heart-lung machine. | Jan 21, 2016 | ||
| Bibliography thoroughly revised and updated. | Nov 10, 2015 | ||
| Added information on cardiac stem cells. | Nov 29, 2011 | ||
| Added a photo of a cardiac pacemaker. | Nov 29, 2011 | ||
| Added three images showing cardiac catheterization and coronary angioplasty. | Mar 01, 2010 | ||
| Media added. | Sep 16, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Dec 06, 2007 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Aug 23, 2007 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Aug 23, 2007 | ||
| Added new Web site: MayoClinic - Heart Disease. | Jun 28, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Mar 02, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Dec 17, 1999 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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