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Carbon oxides are compounds formed between carbon and oxygen. The most common are carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels, making it a significant air pollutant. It is industrially manufactured for chemical production and is also a byproduct of internal combustion engines and furnaces. Carbon monoxide is dangerous because it binds to red blood cells more readily than oxygen, hindering oxygen transport throughout the body and potentially leading to suffocation. Carbon dioxide, on the other hand, is a natural component of the atmosphere and a product of complete combustion.12

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