biosequence

Pedology is the scientific study of soils, encompassing their physical and chemical properties, the role of organisms, and their formation and mapping. Soil formation is influenced by five key factors: parent material, topography, climate, organisms, and time.123

A biosequence refers to a group of soils influenced by local flora and fauna. Different vegetation types, such as trees versus grass, can significantly alter soil properties. For example, soils under grass tend to be richer in humus and nitrogen than those under trees. Soil organisms, ranging from microscopic bacteria to larger animals like earthworms, are crucial for soil fertility. They break down organic matter, releasing nutrients usable by plants and contributing to soil structure and aeration. Human activities, including agriculture and urbanization, also profoundly impact soil formation and properties.24