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biogeography
Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics
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World map using color coding to show the distribution of major floral kingdoms, subkingdoms, and regions. Key floral kingdoms include Boreal (green), Neotropical (pink), Paleotropical (yellow), South African or Capensic (purple), Australian (orange), and Antarctic (blue). Boundaries for subkingdoms, regions, and divisions are marked with different colored lines, and major regions such as Indoafrican, North American, and Malesian are labeled across continents. World map showing major faunal regions as defined by mammalian distributions, with each region color-coded: Holarctic in green (including Nearctic and Palearctic), Afro-Tethyan in pink (including Mediterranean, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Madagascan), Latin American in tan (including Neotropical, Argentine, and West Indian), Island in yellow (including Australian and Madagascar). Major region boundaries are marked with bold lines.
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greylag. Flock of Greylag geese during their winter migration at Bosque del Apache National Refugee, New Mexico. greylag goose (Anser anser)
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biogeography: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

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  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: VIVA's Pressbooks - The Ecosphere and Environmental Issues - Biogeography and Biomes. Nov 28, 2025
Add new Web site: University of Central Florida Pressbooks - General Biology - Ecology and Biogeography. Jan 07, 2025
Article revised and updated. Jan 09, 2020
Added a map of Earth's major floral regions and a map of Earth's major faunal regions. Jan 09, 2020
Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts Library - Biogeography. Mar 05, 2019
Add new Web site: Understanding Evolution - Biogeography: Wallace and Wegener. Oct 14, 2011
Add new Web site: Public Broadcasting Service - Biogeography: Polar Bears and Penguins. Oct 14, 2011
Add new Web site: The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biogeography. Oct 14, 2011
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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