benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

medical condition

Also known as: BPPV

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Last updated

July 21, 2026

Quick Summary

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common inner-ear disorder that causes brief, recurrent episodes of vertigo. This sensation of spinning occurs when there is a change in head position. BPPV is caused by the movement of tiny calcium carbonate crystals within the inner ear. These crystals, normally located in the utricle, become dislodged and enter the semicircular canals, leading to the vertigo and nystagmus (involuntary eye movements). Doctors often treat BPPV with head-movement exercises, such as the Epley maneuver.12

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vertigo
…disorders of the inner ear—including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV; a mechanical inner-ear disorder), Ménière disease (a progressive ear disease), and vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve)—can cause the condition. Minor or severe head injury, migraine, and prolonged bed rest are other causes.
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…disorders of the inner ear—including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV; a mechanical inner-ear disorder), Ménière disease (a progressive ear disease), and vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve)—can cause the condition. Minor or severe head injury, migraine, and prolonged bed rest are other causes.
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