basaltic lava

Basaltic lava is a type of molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface from volcanoes. It is characterized by its low silica content and dark color, being rich in iron and magnesium. This composition makes basaltic lava less viscous than other types, allowing it to flow more readily.12

Two common forms of basaltic lava flows are pahoehoe and aa. Pahoehoe flows have smooth, ropy surfaces, while aa flows are rough and covered in jagged fragments. Basaltic lava is the most common product of Earth's volcanoes, particularly in the vast undersea volcanic ridges. While molten lava flows are relatively slow-moving, they are distinct from fast-moving pyroclastic flows, which are mixtures of hot volcanic fragments and gas.23