autoimmune encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis is a medical condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the brain, causing inflammation. This is distinct from infectious encephalitis, which is caused by organisms like viruses or bacteria.1

Symptoms can be varied and may include psychiatric and neurological issues such as aggression, confusion, memory loss, seizures, and problems with balance, speech, or vision. While the exact cause is often unknown, it can sometimes be associated with cancer or a prior infection. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on intensive medical care to manage vital functions. Prognosis varies, with some individuals recovering fully while others may experience lasting brain damage.1