artificial neural network

artificial intelligence and psychology

Written by

The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last updated

July 20, 2026

Quick Summary

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computer programs inspired by the structure of the human brain. Developed from early work in the 1940s, ANNs aim to perform cognitive functions like problem-solving and machine learning.12

A key feature of ANNs is their ability to learn through experience by adjusting the connections, or "weights," between artificial neurons. Information is processed through layers: an input layer receives data, hidden layers perform computations, and an output layer provides a response. This "bottom-up" approach contrasts with symbolic AI, which focuses on symbol processing.13

ANNs are used in various applications, including investment decisions, handwriting recognition, and speech recognition systems like Siri. While powerful, creating ANNs that fully replicate even simple biological nervous systems remains a challenge.13

Summary created from Britannica articles using AI. AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.

4 Britannica Sources

Ask Britannica AI about this topic

Britannica doesn't have a full article on this topic, so we've curated a list of our relevant coverage.

cognitive science
Approaches
…be represented in structures called artificial neural networks, which are simplified models of the neurological structure of the brain. Each network consists of simple processing units and a set of connections between them. Signals between nodes are transmitted on the basis of the connections, the strength of the signal depending…
Read More
…be represented in structures called artificial neural networks, which are simplified models of the neurological structure of the brain. Each network consists of simple processing units and a set of connections between them. Signals between nodes are transmitted on the basis of the connections, the strength of the signal depending…
Read More