arthritis mutilans

Arthritis mutilans is a severe, deforming type of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in the body's connective tissues, particularly affecting the synovial membranes that lubricate joints. This inflammation can lead to irreversible damage, replacing healthy joint structures with scar-like tissue called pannus.

While rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the hands and feet, arthritis mutilans is characterized by extreme joint destruction, leading to significant deformity and loss of function. It is more common in women and typically affects middle-aged adults. The exact cause is unknown, but it is believed to involve an autoimmune response where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to detect autoantibodies like rheumatoid factor, alongside imaging. Treatment focuses on managing pain and inflammation with medications and physical therapy, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary.