artesunate

Artesunate is a derivative of artemisinin, an antimalarial drug originally derived from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua). This compound, first isolated in the 1970s, is effective against all malaria-causing protozoal organisms in the genus Plasmodium. Artemisinin and its derivatives, including artesunate, are particularly valuable for treating infections resistant to other antimalarial drugs like chloroquine.12

Artemisinin works by targeting malaria parasites in their schizont stage. It contains a peroxide group that reacts with hemozoin, a form of iron found in the parasites, producing radicals that attack parasite proteins and kill the organisms. Artesunate is unique because it can be administered intravenously, making it crucial for treating severe or cerebral malaria. While generally safe, high doses in animal studies have shown potential neurotoxicity. Artemisinin-based drugs are typically used in combination therapies to prevent relapses and the development of drug resistance.12