arithmetical magic square
Quick Summary
An arithmetical magic square is a square grid of numbers where the sum of the numbers in each row, each column, and both main diagonals is the same. This constant sum is called the magic constant.1
A standard magic square of order n contains the integers from 1 to (n^2). For example, a 3x3 magic square uses the numbers 1 through 9. If these numbers are arranged so that each row, column, and diagonal adds up to 15, it forms the magic square of 3.2
Historically, magic squares were sometimes used as religious symbols, protective charms, or for divination. While their mystical significance has largely faded, they continue to be studied as mathematical puzzles, particularly in number theory.2
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