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Argon-40 (⁴⁰Ar) is a stable isotope of the noble gas argon. While argon-36 and argon-38 are more common in the universe, argon-40 constitutes 99.60% of argon found on Earth. This abundance is primarily due to the radioactive decay of potassium-40 (⁴⁰K) into argon-40. This process, which has been occurring since Earth's formation, allows argon-40 to slowly escape from rocks into the atmosphere. The decay of potassium-40 to argon-40 is a key principle used in potassium-argon dating to determine the age of rocks and minerals.123

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