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Archaeology
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Images & Videos
Pachacamac, Peru
The video thumbnail image shows a white woman walking by a wall that says "You are on Native land."
Exploring the world's oldest known gold mine
Experience the archaeological excavations of the Undo Cave, a paleolithic site in Georgia
Learn about the archaeological excavations of a 19th-century prison site on Spike Island, with a focus on the daily lives of ordinary convicts
Diving into the mystery of a 2,000-year-old shipwreck
Uncovering Christian graves from the Middle Ages
At a Glance
Pachacamac, Peru
archaeology summary
Quizzes
Ancient Egyptian carving of Pharaoh Seti I holding his flail before the god of the underworld Osiris with Horus behind him. Abydos Temple, Egypt. Ancient carving, on public display for 2,000 years
Archaeology: Great Discoveries Quiz
The caves of Qumran on the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, in the West Bank. The site of the caves where the Dead Sea Scrolls were first discovered in 1947.
More Archaeological Discoveries Quiz
Three flint axes from the stone age. (prehistoric, tools, early humans, culture, archaeology, implements)
More Archaeology: Digging and Scraping Quiz
Related Questions

Archaeology: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Good general introductions to the aims and methods of archaeology are Leonard Woolley, Digging Up the Past (1930); Sir Mortimer Wheeler, Archaeology from the Earth (1954); and Grahame Clark, Archaeology and Society, 3rd rev. ed. (1957). For the history of archaeology and its relation to the development of anthropology, see C.W. Ceram, Götter, Gräber und Gelehrte (1949; Eng. trans., Gods, Graves and Scholars, 1951); G. Bibby, The Testimony of the Spade (1956); and Glyn Daniel, A Hundred and Fifty Years of Archaeology (1974). Anthologies of archaeological writings that relate both to the history of the subject and its present methods are many. The following are recommended: R.F. Heizer, The Archaeologist at Work (1959), and Man’s Discovery of his Past, 2nd ed. (1970); and Jacquetta Hawkes, The World of the Past (1963). For the development of American archaeology, see G. Willey and G. Sabloff, The History of American Archaeology (1973). Special aspects of the development of archaeology are dealt with in D. Brothwell and E. Higgs, Science in Archaeology, 2nd ed. (1969); George F. Bass, Archaeology Under Water (1967); W.F. Libby, Radiocarbon Dating, 2nd ed. (1955); Kenneth Hudson, A Social History of Archaeology (1981); Myra Shackley, Environmental Archaeology (1981); and M.G.L. Baillie, Tree-Ring Dating in Archaeology (1982).

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style. Nov 06, 2026
Modified link of Web site: PNAS - Archaeology as a social science. Aug 19, 2026
Add new Web site: The Royal Society Publishing - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Current and potential roles of archaeology in the development of cultural evolutiyonary theor. Jul 10, 2026
Add new Web site: University of Nebraska Pressbooks - An Introduction to Anthropology: the Biological and Cultural Evolution of Humans - Archaeology and Material Culture. Dec 06, 2025
Add new Web site: ABC listen - The Science Show - Why archaeology matters. Oct 07, 2025
Added cross-reference. Jul 21, 2025
Add new Web site: VIVA Open Publishing - Introduction to Anthropology: A Four Field Approach - Introduction to Archaeology. Jul 11, 2025
Add new Web site: BioMed Central - Evolution: Education and Outreach - Archaeology and Human Evolution. Mar 20, 2025
Add new Web site: CiteseerX - AUTOMATIC ARCHAEOLOGY. Bridging the gap between Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Archaeology (PDF). Feb 09, 2025
Media added. Oct 30, 2024
Add new Web site: UNESCO-EOLSS - The History of Archaeology. Sep 19, 2024
Add new Web site: PNAS - Archaeology as a social science. Jul 26, 2024
Add new Web site: Social Sciences LibreTexts - Evolution of Archaeology. May 04, 2023
Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Archaeology. Sep 15, 2022
Add new Web site: LiveScience - What Is Archaeology? Apr 25, 2022
Removed media. Aug 26, 2021
Add new Web site: National Geographic - Archaeology. Feb 07, 2019
Add new Web site: Idaho Public Television - Archaeology. Dec 26, 2016
Add new Web site: Society for American Archaeology - What is Archaeology? Dec 12, 2016
Added video. Aug 31, 2015
Added video. Mar 18, 2015
Added video. Feb 16, 2015
Added video. Feb 06, 2015
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Archaeology. Oct 14, 2013
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Sulfur. Mar 25, 2013
Media added; photo of archaeologists mapping artifacts. Jan 30, 2009
Added new Web site: Eastern Illinois University - Underground Railroad: A Path to Freedom. Dec 24, 2008
Added new Web site: Archaeology Magazine. May 23, 2006
Article revised. Sep 05, 2000
Article revised. Aug 25, 2000
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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