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antigen
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Antigens, antibodies, and lymphocytes Diagram of an antibody molecule showing two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains joined by disulfide bonds in a Y-shaped structure, with labeled regions for antigen binding and effector function. Diagram showing how the flexible hinge regions of antibody molecules allow them to adjust for better binding to antigens and enable cross-linking, forming large antigen-antibody complexes. Antibodies are depicted binding to antigenic determinants on spherical antigens, illustrating both single and cross-linked interactions. Diagram of an IgG immunoglobulin showing two heavy chains and two light chains connected by red and green dots representing intra-chain and inter-chain disulfide bonds, with labeled Fab and Fc regions and a note explaining the structure and cleavage points.
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antigen: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Antigen Specific and Antigen Non-Specific Immunization. Nov 07, 2026
Add new Web site: Monash University - Student Academic Success - Antigens and the initiation of an immune response. Jul 11, 2026
Add new Web site: CellPress - Current Biology - Antigen presentation. Dec 20, 2025
Add new Web site: PNAS - Physical extraction of antigen and information. Jul 12, 2025
Add new Web site: Mustansiriyah University - Antigen and antibody (PDF). Apr 17, 2025
Add new Web site: AAI Journals - ImmunoHorizons - Antigen and Immunogen: An Investigation into the Heterogeneity of Immunology Terminology in Learning Resources. Sep 21, 2024
Add new Web site: Demo Pressbooks Network - Boundless Anatomy and Physiology - Antigens. Jun 01, 2024
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - Antigen Specific and Antigen Non-Specific Immunization. Dec 29, 2023
Add new Web site: Healthline - What�s the Difference Between Antigens and Antibodies? May 28, 2023
Add new Web site: Cleveland Clinic - Antigen. Feb 03, 2023
Add new Web site: Biology LibreTexts - Antigens and Epitopes. Dec 10, 2022
Add new Web site: Verywell Health - What is an Antigen? Mar 07, 2021
Corrected display issue. Jan 31, 2020
Add new Web site: Academia - Antigen (PDF). Jun 07, 2016
Add new Web site: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Antigenic Characterization. Jun 07, 2016
Added an illustration of an immune response triggered by foreign antigens. May 14, 2015
Added information on foreign antigens and autoantigens. May 14, 2015
Add new Web site: Buzzle.com - Antigens and Antibodies. Jan 30, 2014
Article revised. Feb 16, 2001
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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