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Antibiosis is a biological interaction where one organism inhibits or kills another, while remaining unaffected itself. This occurs through chemical secretions. A classic example is the mold Penicillium, which produces penicillin, a substance harmful to certain bacteria. This phenomenon is a form of amensalism, where one species is harmed and the other is unaffected. Antibiosis is a key mechanism by which organisms in complex environments, like soil, control competing microorganisms.123

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