androgenic gland

The androgenic gland is a unique organ found in male crustaceans, typically located on the genital duct. This gland secretes a hormone, likely steroid in nature, which is crucial for the development of the male gonad into a testis and for the expression of male characteristics, particularly in the limbs. In contrast, the absence of this gland in females leads to the development of ovaries.1

The endocrine systems of crustaceans, like those of insects, are complex and regulate various functions including molting, reproduction, metabolism, and osmoregulation. Key neuroendocrine centers include the X-organs and sinus glands in the eyestalks, which influence molting, gonad development, and pigment cell activity. The Y-organs are responsible for producing molting hormones (ecdysteroids). Hormones also control the beating of the heart.23