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amine
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Examples of different types of amines. Ammonia and amines have a slightly flattened trigonal pyramidal shape, with a lone pair of electrons above the nitrogen. In quaternary ammonium salts, this area is occupied by a fourth substituent. Rapid inversion takes place between the enantiomers of amines with chiral nitrogens, but in quaternary ammonium ions such interconversion is not possible. Diagram showing common functional groups in monomers-amine, carboxylic acid, alcohol, and isocyanate-at the top, and their resulting polymer linkages-amide, ester, and carbamate (urethane)-at the bottom, with color-coded chemical structures and connecting lines illustrating how monomers combine during polymerization.
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amine: References & Edit History

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Stephen A. Lawrence, Amines: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2004), treats most practical aspects of amine chemistry. Derek Barton and W. David Ollis (eds.), Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, vol. 2, Nitrogen Compounds, Carboxylic Acids, Phosphorus Compounds, ed. by I.O. Sutherland (1979), contains a comprehensive section on amines at an intermediate level. Advanced chapters on most fundamental features of amine chemistry may be found in Saul Patai, The Chemistry of Amino, Nitroso, Nitro, and Related Groups (1996). Barry M. Trost and Ian Fleming (eds.), Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 6, Heteroatom Manipulation (1991), chapter 1, includes a substantial section on synthesis of amines and ammonium salts at an intermediate-to-advanced level.

Peter A.S. Smith

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Amines and Heterocycles. Oct 16, 2026
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Amine Metabolism Is Influenced by Dietary Protein Source. Apr 04, 2026
Add new Web site: PNAS - Amine-recognizing domain in diverse receptors from bacteria and archaea evolved from the universal amino acid sensor. Aug 15, 2025
Add new Web site: Frontiers - Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology - Profiling of amines in biological samples using polythioester-functionalized magnetic nanoprobe. Jun 07, 2025
Add new Web site: Minnesota State University Moorhead - Reactions of Amines (PDF). Apr 09, 2025
Add new Web site: Mustansiriyah University - Amines: Naming and Physical Properties (PDF). Feb 26, 2025
Add new Web site: OpenStax - Organic Chemistry - Chemistry of Amides. Jan 03, 2025
Add new Web site: Nature - Nature Communications - Iron catalysed direct alkylation of amines with alcohols. Aug 31, 2024
Add new Web site: Open Library Publishing Platform - Organic and Biochemistry Supplement to Enhanced Introductory College Chemistry - Amines � Structure and Naming. Jun 07, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Texas - Amines. Apr 12, 2024
Add new Web site: NC State University Libraries - Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry - Synthesis of Amines. Mar 01, 2024
Add new Web site: Khan Academy - Amine naming introduction. Dec 16, 2023
Add new Web site: Michigan State University - College of Natural Sciences - Deaprtmrnt of Chemistry - Amines. Nov 02, 2023
Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Properties of Amines. Jul 14, 2023
Add new Web site: Chemistry LibreTexts - Amines and Heterocycles. Nov 09, 2017
Bibliography revised and updated. Aug 15, 2008
Article revised and updated. Aug 15, 2008
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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