age-related macular degeneration

pathology

Also known as: AMD, ARMD, dry AMD

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Last updated

July 17, 2026

Quick Summary

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It primarily impacts individuals over 50 and is a leading cause of vision loss in industrialized nations.12

AMD has two main forms:
* Dry AMD: Characterized by yellow deposits (drusen) under the retina and gradual loss of retinal pigment. This form often progresses slowly.1
* Wet AMD: Involves the growth of fragile, new blood vessels beneath the retina that can break and bleed, leading to a more rapid and severe loss of central vision.1

While AMD reduces central vision, peripheral vision is typically unaffected. The exact cause is unknown, but risk factors include smoking and certain genetic variants.2

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