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adenosine diphosphate
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Diagram of a cell membrane showing three types of membrane transport: simple diffusion of small molecules, facilitated diffusion through transporter proteins, and primary active transport using ATP to move molecules across the membrane. Labels identify the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, as well as extracellular and intracellular surfaces. Diagram showing the transfer of phosphate groups in cellular metabolism, with high-energy donors like phosphoenolpyruvate, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate, and phosphocreatine passing phosphate to ADP to form ATP, which then donates phosphate to low-energy acceptors such as glucose and glycerol. Vertical axis represents phosphate-group potential.
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adenosine diphosphate

coenzyme
Also known as: ADP
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Diagram of a cell membrane showing three types of membrane transport: simple diffusion of small molecules, facilitated diffusion through transporter proteins, and primary active transport using ATP to move molecules across the membrane. Labels identify the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, as well as extracellular and intracellular surfaces.
different types of membrane transport The cell membrane contains proteins that transport ions and water-soluble molecules into or out of the cell. Some molecules are able to freely diffuse across the membrane in a process known as simple diffusion.

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a nucleotide composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups. It is formed in living cells as an intermediate between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ADP plays a crucial role in energy storage within cells, being reversibly converted to ATP through the addition of a high-energy phosphate group.1

Coenzymes are organic compounds that assist enzymes in promoting metabolic reactions. They participate in enzyme-mediated catalysis and can be modified during a reaction, requiring another enzyme-catalyzed process to return to their original state. Examples of coenzymes include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and ATP, which transfers chemical energy by giving up phosphate groups. Many B vitamins function as coenzymes, essential for facilitating the transfer of atoms and groups in the formation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.2

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4 Britannica Sources
  1. adenosine diphosphate
  2. ADP
  3. coenzyme
  4. metabolism - Adenosine triphosphate as the currency of energy exchange

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