acid-base titration

Acid-base titration is a chemical analysis process used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. This is achieved by gradually adding a solution of known concentration, called a titrant, from a burette until the reaction reaches its equivalence point. The completion of the reaction is signaled by an end point, often detected by a color change in a chemical indicator. These indicators are dyes that change color depending on the acidity or basicity of the solution. For example, litmus is blue in alkaline solutions and red in acidic ones. Acid-base titrations are a fundamental type of titration, alongside precipitation, complex-formation, and oxidation-reduction titrations. While using indicators is a rapid and inexpensive method for determining pH, it typically offers an accuracy of only about 0.5 pH units.12