acceptance sampling

Acceptance sampling is a statistical method used in quality control to decide whether to accept or reject a group of items (a lot) based on a sample. A sample is taken from the lot, and the number of defective items is counted. If the number of defects is low, the entire lot is accepted; if it's high, the lot is rejected.

This process involves considering two types of risks: the producer's risk (rejecting a good lot) and the consumer's risk (accepting a poor lot). A sampling plan is designed by determining a sample size (n) and an acceptance criterion (c), which is the maximum number of defects allowed in the sample for the lot to be accepted. The goal is to select a plan that minimizes both risks.12