X-ray optics

X-ray optics is a field within physics that deals with the behavior and manipulation of X-rays. X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with extremely short wavelengths, discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Unlike visible light, X-rays are highly absorbed by matter, making traditional optical lenses ineffective for focusing or reflecting them.12

However, X-rays can be reflected at grazing incidence or when they interact with crystal planes, a phenomenon known as Bragg reflection. This principle is utilized in X-ray monochromators and spectrometers to measure and identify X-ray wavelengths. Modern techniques, such as using superlattices or specialized mirrors, allow for the reflection of softer X-rays. X-ray optics is crucial for various applications, including medical imaging, material analysis, and scientific research.134