Which organs can be affected when tuberculosis bacteria enter the bloodstream?

When tuberculosis bacteria enter the bloodstream, they can travel to and infect almost any tissue in the body. This systemic spread can lead to the following areas being affected:1

• Lungs: The most common site for new tissue infections.1
• Lymph nodes: Often involved in the spread of the disease.1
• Skeletal system: Including the bones and joints.1
• Urinary and reproductive systems: Including the kidneys, bladder, and genital organs.1
• Central nervous system: Infection of the meninges covering the brain results in tuberculous meningitis.1
• Other tissues: The bacteria may also affect the skin and intestines.1

In vulnerable individuals, such as infants or those who are immunocompromised, this dissemination can result in miliary tuberculosis, a highly fatal form of the disease if left untreated.1