Britannica
Sources used in this answer
Which organs and structures can be affected by respiratory diseases?
Created from Britannica articles
using AI.
AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
respiratory disease
The bronchioles of the lungs are the site where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide during the process of respiration. Inflammation, infection, or obstruction of the bronchioles is often associated with acute or chronic respiratory disease, including bronchiectasis, pneumonia, and lung abscesses.
Respiratory diseases can affect a wide range of structures and organs involved in the process of breathing and gas exchange. These include:
- Upper Airway: The nose, paranasal cavities (sinuses), pharynx, and larynx.123
- Lower Airway: The trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveolar ducts.123
- Lung Tissue: The lungs, including the parenchyma (gas-exchanging tissue) and the alveoli.13
- Supporting Structures: The pleura (the membrane covering the lungs), the thoracic cage, and respiratory muscles such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.123
- Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems: Because the lungs contain a vast network of capillaries, respiratory diseases often involve the heart, blood vessels, and lymph nodes.1243
- Other Organs: Certain systemic conditions can cause respiratory involvement alongside other organs, such as the kidneys.56