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What happened during the 2001 Lindbergh Operation?
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robotic surgery
Laparoscopic cameras and robotic hands performing coronary artery bypass surgery in place of open-heart surgery.
The 2001 Lindbergh Operation was a landmark achievement in robotic surgery and telesurgery. During this procedure, French physician Jacques Marescaux and Canadian-born surgeon Michel Gagner successfully performed a remote cholecystectomy—the surgical removal of the gallbladder—on a patient located in Strasbourg, France, while the surgeons operated from New York City.1
This breakthrough was made possible by advancements in robotic telesurgical concepts and telecommunication technologies. Despite its success, telesurgery has not achieved widespread adoption, largely due to the technical challenge of time delays between the surgeon's control console and the operating site.1