Venturi effect

The Venturi effect is a phenomenon in fluid dynamics where a fluid's velocity increases as it passes through a constricted section of a pipe, resulting in a drop in pressure. This principle is described by Bernoulli's theorem, which states that for an ideal fluid in steady flow, the sum of its pressure, kinetic, and potential energies remains constant.

When a fluid flows through a horizontal pipe with varying cross-sectional areas, it speeds up in narrower sections. Consequently, the pressure exerted by the fluid is lowest where the cross-section is smallest. This effect has numerous applications, such as in automobile carburetors, where the low pressure created in a venturi channel draws gasoline into the airflow. The pressure differential can also be used to measure fluid flow rates.12