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The T-score is a measurement used in medicine, particularly in bone mineral density (BMD) tests like the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan. It compares a person's bone density to that of a healthy young adult of the same sex and race.12

A T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia, a reduced amount of bone tissue. A T-score of -2.5 or lower signifies osteoporosis, a condition where bones become thin, weak, and prone to fracture. This scoring system helps in identifying individuals at risk for fractures and guides early intervention strategies.12

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