RNA polymerase
Quick Summary
RNA polymerase is a group of enzymes that synthesize RNA using DNA or RNA as a template. This process, known as transcription, is a crucial step in converting genetic information from DNA into proteins. RNA polymerase binds to specific DNA sequences called promoters to initiate RNA synthesis, using ribonucleoside triphosphates as building blocks. The sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template dictates the sequence of the growing RNA chain, with uracil (U) replacing thymine (T) found in DNA. Different types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), are synthesized by various RNA polymerases, each playing a role in protein synthesis and cellular function.12345
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cellRNA synthesis…is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases. In higher organisms there are three main RNA polymerases, designated I, II, and III (or sometimes A, B, and C). Each is a complex protein consisting of many subunits. RNA polymerase I synthesizes three of the four types of rRNA (called 18S, 28S,…
Read More…is performed by enzymes called RNA polymerases. In higher organisms there are three main RNA polymerases, designated I, II, and III (or sometimes A, B, and C). Each is a complex protein consisting of many subunits. RNA polymerase I synthesizes three of the four types of rRNA (called 18S, 28S,…
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transcription factorThe enzyme RNA polymerase catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA, using the gene’s DNA as a template. Transcription factors control when, where, and how efficiently RNA polymerases function.
Read MoreThe enzyme RNA polymerase catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA, using the gene’s DNA as a template. Transcription factors control when, where, and how efficiently RNA polymerases function.
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metabolismSynthesis of RNA…of RNA are synthesized via RNA polymerases (reaction [87]), the action of which is analogous to that of the DNA polymerases that catalyze reaction [86]. In reaction [87] the growing RNA chain is represented by 5′-RNA-polymer-3′-ΟΗ, and the ribonucleoside triphosphate by NTP. One product (5′-RNA-polymer-NMP-3′-OH) reflects the incorporation of ribonucleoside…
Read More…of RNA are synthesized via RNA polymerases (reaction [87]), the action of which is analogous to that of the DNA polymerases that catalyze reaction [86]. In reaction [87] the growing RNA chain is represented by 5′-RNA-polymer-3′-ΟΗ, and the ribonucleoside triphosphate by NTP. One product (5′-RNA-polymer-NMP-3′-OH) reflects the incorporation of ribonucleoside…
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- heredityTranscription
…is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. As with DNA replication, the two DNA strands must separate to expose the template. However, transcription differs from replication in that for any gene, only one of the DNA strands, the 3′ → 5′ strand, is actually used as a template. Synthesis of…
Read More…is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. As with DNA replication, the two DNA strands must separate to expose the template. However, transcription differs from replication in that for any gene, only one of the DNA strands, the 3′ → 5′ strand, is actually used as a template. Synthesis of…
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…into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which achieves this copying in a strictly controlled process. The first step is to recognize a specific sequence on DNA called a promoter that signifies the start of the gene. The two strands of DNA become separated at this point, and RNA polymerase…
Read More…into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase, which achieves this copying in a strictly controlled process. The first step is to recognize a specific sequence on DNA called a promoter that signifies the start of the gene. The two strands of DNA become separated at this point, and RNA polymerase…
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