Paleotropical realm

The Paleotropical realm is a major biogeographic region defined by its distinct animal life. It is primarily divided into two regions: the Afrotropical region, encompassing continental Africa south of the Sahara and southwestern Arabia, and the Oriental region, covering tropical southern and southeastern Asia. Madagascar and Wallacea are also often considered separate regions within this realm.12345

The Paleotropical realm shares continuous geographic contact with the Holarctic realm, leading to some overlap in fauna, though distinct climates contribute to unique elements in each. Endemic to the Paleotropical region are mammalian orders like pangolins and elephants, as well as families such as Old World monkeys, lorises, and rhinoceroses. Avian endemics include hornbills and pittas, and reptilian endemics include Old World chameleons.2